Bell's Theorem and the Limits of Classical Probability
Bell’s Theorem and the Limits of Classical Probability A type-level constraint on correlations and why quantum mechanics escapes it Bell’s theorem is often introduced through physical systems — photons, spins, and entanglement. The result itself is structural, independent of the underlying physical realization. Specifically, it constrains programs with a local-independent dependency structure: two outputs that share a hidden state but are each computed without access to the other’s input. Any program with this structure must satisfy a particular bound on output correlations. No implementation can escape it — the bound follows from the type signature alone. ...